Friday, June 3, 2016

R-COMMAND AND QUBIT AND PE FILES, AND SUBSTRINGS AND DECRYPTION

For loops may be nested, but when and why would we be using this? Suppose we wish to manipulate a bi-dimensional array by setting its elements to specific values; we might do something like this:
# nested for: multiplication table
mymat = matrix(nrow=30, ncol=30) # create a 30 x 30 matrix (of 30 rows and 30 columns)
for(i in 1:dim(mymat)[1]) # for each row
{
for(j in 1:dim(mymat)[2]) # for each column
{
mymat[i,j] = i*j # assign values based on position: product of two indexes
}
}


 https://www.datacamp.com/community/tutorials/tutorial-on-loops-in-r


One of the books I'm currently reading to learn C# asked me to write a method that takes an integer between 1 and 99999 and displays each number in that integer in a sequence, separating each digit by 2 spaces.
For example: the int 87564 would be written to the console as 8 7 5 6 4.
This is simple enough to do using the input as a string, converting it to a char array, or looping over the string with a foreach and printing out a formatted string for each character.
For fun though and mostly to challenge myself, I like to work out the problems as they are intended for someone just learning the concepts for the first time. The chapter was about methods and briefly introduced recursion. It's clearly the author's intent that you solve this using division and modulus operations to pick off each digit and then write them out.
So there really were limited options in terms of solving this with the material you have learned to this point in the book. You could pick off each digit and store it as it's own variable, then later write them out in order since you know the range of integers.
I decided to make the method more useful by really allowing any non-negative integer and my approach involved recursion. I'm not really experienced using recursion so I'd like to get some feedback on my implementation to see what I could have done better.
public class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Get User Input From Console
        // Validate and parse as int input
        DisplayDigits(input);
    }

    static void DisplayDigits(int value)
    {
        if (value < 10)
        {
            Console.Write("{0}  ", value);
            return;
        }
        DisplayDigits(value / 10);
        Console.Write("{0}  ", value % 10);
    }
 
 http://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/41174/displaying-each-number-of-an-integer-in-a-sequence
 
 extract PE sections to separate files AND THEIR STRINGS
 
The script attached to this post allows to:
  • extract PE sections to separate files

  • extract strings from all sections providing a context for each string

  • extract strings from all sections providing a context for each string, but in a bit smarter way i.e. excluding strings from sections named .rsrc/.reloc as they often contain a lot of strings that are just random data (e.g. from bitmaps or bytes by chance appearing to look like a ‘meaningful’ sequence of characters)
Notably, the string extraction excludes the appended data – this is a good news if you run the script over e.g. installers.  Installers, as explained in my older post, are very often setup.exe (stub) files with appended data that is compressed/encrypted and doesn’t provide any value to analysts unless decompressed/decrypted.
If the script fails to work, it is most likely a result of a packer/protector that makes some of the PE structures corrupted on purpose (e.g. using values outside reasonable boundaries that are still accepted by the Windows PE loader). The practical value of analysing sections/strings extracted from protected/packed/corrupted files is usually low, so I don’t add any checks in the scripts to detect such cases. Many of these techniques are discussed by Ange and he also offers practical examples – files that he crafted manually to test certain properties of PE files, so if you want to know more about this subject and perhaps improve the script his web site will give you all the info you need.
Btw. if you like python, you can easily toy around with Ero Carrera’s pefile module and re-create the script with the same/better functionality.
You can download PESectionExtractor.pl script here.

 http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2012/09/02/pesectionextractor-extracting-pe-sections-and-their-strings/
 

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