Tuesday, June 28, 2016
This was hard to get, and hard to take conclusions; these are both IED's x ray image; what happens is that they on the dark enviroment of the x ray box, the contrast the objects with white; white is the base of all colours, and as curiosity, on the midle of my investigations, I discouvered that we humans see the vegetation as green because of the light, or else we would see red :) Now the only way to cross this barrier of detection, is exacly the same as with dope, flourescent colours, is like a mirror to the x ray, it reflects back the contrasts
Saturday, June 25, 2016
a bug naturally occuring in python du to webcameras surveillance, the bug is:
[ python-Bugs-649967 ] urllib.urlopen('file:/...') uses FTP
Initial Comment:
urllib.urlopen(), when given a 'file' URL containing a host
part, like 'file://somehost/path/to/file', treats it as if it
were an 'ftp' URL.
While RFC 1738 acknowledges that the access method
for file URLs is unspecified, the assumption of FTP, even
when a direct access method is available, is a poor
design decision and is a possible security risk in
applications that use urlopen().
When given a file URL, urlopen() should extract the
portion following 'file:', convert a leading '//localhost/'
to '///' (because localhost is a special case per RFC
1738; see other bug report on this topic), and use
url2pathname() to try to convert this to an OS-specific
path. The result can then be passed to open().
For example, on Windows, urlopen
('file://somehost/path/to/file') should return the result of
open('\somehost\path\to\file', 'rb').
In situations where there is no convention for interpreting
the host part of a URL as a component in an OS path,
such as on Unix filesystems, an exception should be
raised by url2pathname(), in my opinion. If urlopen()
wants to try an alternate access method such as FTP, it
should only do so if directed by the caller.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
>Comment By: Mike Brown (mike_j_brown)
Date: 2002-12-08 15:22
Message:
Logged In: YES
user_id=371366
If you document it, it's not a bug?
The docs say that the fallback on FTP is "for backward
compatibility" ... backward compatibility with what?
The fact that it's a possible security risk should at least be
documented. An application on a machine behind a firewall
might not be expecting 'file' URLs to result in hitting the FTP
servers of that machine or its neighbors.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Comment By: Martin v. Löwis (loewis)
Date: 2002-12-08 02:03
Message:
Logged In: YES
user_id=21627
This is not a bug; it is documented behaviour: see
http://python.org/doc/current/lib/module-urllib.html
To override this behaviour, use urllib2, and inherit from
FileHandler.
LINK
when we talk about firewalls are we talking about frames in python?
Friday, June 24, 2016
Wednesday, June 22, 2016
I'm cutting to the chase here on the depleted uranium contamination, for two reasons, the first one is that whatever the "system" wants to you believe is that radiation is not that seriouse but they also want you to ignore that they spend billions on protecting military facilities and personnel, specialy in Iraq. The other cut to the chase aspect is that in Yugoslavia depleted uranium ammunitions were also hand grenades, therefore high explosive radioactive; and then we will stick to this today : "Depleted uranium is commonly used in the civilian market — from the triggering sensor in smoke detectors to a colorant used in dental porcelain", and we will see what kind of dirty bomb can be made...on all aspects of my investigation for hit the system, this is the most effective and pratical sense to obtain and achieve
Monday, June 20, 2016
"RED MERCURY" DOES EXIST
"Supposedly the formula of "Red Mercury"
>Did this ever exist or was it a post communist hoax ?
>One theory came to me via AEC Pelindaba, that it was neutron enriched
>Mercury which could be used to miniturise nuclear devices.
>Alan Kidger of Thor Chemicals was murdered over his involvement in Red
>Mercury.
The way to approach this problem of verifying the existence and reports surrounding red mercury is the same as the approach to any dubiously verifiable set of circumstances. Look for any authoritative record concerning the amalgam involved and, if none exists, as I am sure none does in this case, look for any such record of the amalgamating compound, Hg2Sb2O7.
The International Chemical Register No. for this is 20720-76-7. If you try to repeat the synthesis of this compound in accordance with Dr. Sleight's report of 1968 in the Journal of Inorganic Chemistry my bet is you'll come to the same conclusion about it as myself. You can produce the red-brown compound he describes with a low stability and X-ray analysis that do not match his specifications. Or you can stabilise it to a light grey compound with high stability (does not even melt below ~1,000 degrees C) which provides an X-ray scan that certainly does match his specifications, right down to the relative intensities of the reflection peaks.
In short, Dr. Sleight appears to have lost HgO after producing the ternary oxide Hg2Sb2O7 and produced Hg3Sb4O13, a combination of the meta- and pyro-antimonate. Although this compound was hypothetical, my X-ray analysis of the oxide expelled from the compound as it was stabilised and quantitative analyses of the initial product, the stabilised residue and lost oxide confirm its existence. I have repeated the entire process 5 times without any deviation in the result. The final compound stains the melting surface of pyrex glass to a ruby-glass effect but, though it adsorbs onto the surface of mercury easily enough, I do not have the equipment to pressurize it into the element and find out if it forms a stable amalgam.
Red mercury is coming back...
Undoubtly that's an hoax to protect other discovery and to work as little
bells to each guy willing to speack about something they don't know.
An institute of St Petersburg has placed a patent in 1995 to produce
Hg2Sb2O7, good quality and stability (pyroantimoniate of mercury)... This
patent has been published (not classified). Red-brown color...I baught a
copy of this patent
to national Russian organisation for patents "SoyuzPatent", no problem. I've
the translation in French if someone is interested I'm able to send the
translation in French (you need to request it to my e-mail adress), (easier
than Russian I suppose for a majority of this NG).
You gave the name of a guy been killed for that, he hasn't been alone : in
1993 a plane sunk in Lugano's Lake at the boarder between Switzerland and
Italy (5
persons...) Police concluded it was in connexion with a mafia deal with Red
Mercury...
It was said company Promecologia in Ekaterinburg was the lonely producer of
Hg2Sb2O7 under state license. I visited many times Ekaterinburg. This
company has fallen in bankruptcy some years ago.
Don't dream anymore about that.
A friend of mine, head of the Chair of inorganic chemistry in a Russian
State University said : That's very dangerous for mice and rates...
By way of reply I should like to refer you to the introduction to
Part II of a book I have been writing since 1994 on this subject:-
'In April 1996 two things happened which gave new direction
to my researches into this compound. One was that a correspondent to
the ‘’ Internet website, Erick Singley, provided the
International Chemical Register (ICR) Number for it; 20720-76-7. The
other was that a book published in ’95, ‘The Mini-nuke Conspiracy’,
came to my attention. It contained the ICR number plus the name of the
chemist, Dr. Sleight, who had synthesized one or more allotropes of it
for the American explosives manufacturer Du Pont de Nemours, in ’68.
Using this information I easily found the chemical abstract (or note
concerning the experimental report) in volume 69 of the Chemical
Abstract Services’ (CAS) output, abstract number 71239v.
The description appearing against the ICR number would not
inspire much confidence in anyone unfamiliar with the one available
in ‘The Mini-nuke Conspiracy’, where it is described as ‘a mercury salt
of antimonic acid’:-
20720-76-7 Antimonic acid (H4Sb2O7 ), mercury (2+) salt (1:2)
H4O7 Sb2 .2Hg
However, anyone who had attempted to produce the compound
using reaction (2) on page 3 of Part I* would recognise the reactants
referred to. Unless they had a supply of oxygen available they would
also recall their observation of the ease with which mercury is
liberated from a compound when it is heated in solution. My own
experiences with this method were so disappointing that I did not even
include it in my test reports. The thing to remember about its
limitations is that they only obtain for the thermally unstable
allotropic forms of the compound. Another situation hardly calculated
to inspire confidence in the procedure is J.R. Partington’s reference
to antimonic and antimonious acids in his ‘Textbook of Inorganic
Chemistry’, where he states that their existence is ‘extremely
doubtful’. Antimonic acid’s formula appears against ‘Antimony
oxyhydrate’ in R.C. Weast’s ‘Handbook of Chemistry and Physics’.
Now, if the ICR description is considered inconclusive
what may be said of the one in the abstract? I had already examined the
CAS Subject Index for 1967-71 before April ’96 during the course of a
trawl through the service’s indices, looking for mercury salts of all
possible descriptions. The sought-after compound appeared as:-
mercury (2+) salt (1:2)[20720-76-7], crystal structure of,
69 :71239v '
* (2) 2HgO + H4Sb2O7 => Hg2Sb2O7 + H2O
Whatever else it may be, mercuric pyro-antimoniate is clearly not a
dream. As to the amalgam it produces when pressurized with mercury and
an actinide within a neutron-rich environment, this supposedly being
the means by which red mercury is produced, well, who knows?
There's another way to produce Hg2Sb2O7 discribed in the Russian patent
2036149 placed by Mr A.E.Chirinsky working at Institute for technological
simulation a Petersburg subsidiary of Russian Academy of science. This
patent having not been exented in validity elsewhere than Russia, everybody
is able to use this process excepted in Russia where you need a licence to
produce.
In fact Chirinsky uses acetic solution of mercury plus potassium hydroxyde
in reaction with potassium hexahydroxyantimoniate.
In this patent the process described by W.Sleight is took as reference for a
bad production of Hg2Sb2O7 and to prove the process described is a real
invention.
The full text of the patent is for sale at : NPO Poďsk of Rospatent 113035
Moscow ,J-35, Raouchskaya nab, 4/5
Thanks v. much for your response. It wouldn't surprise me if Dr. Arthur
Sleight's experimental method really was flawed and I'm always keen on
finding out about different ways of combining antimony and mercury in a
double oxide. I tried different methods of achieving this for 14 years
before hearing about red mercury, due to my interest in chinese and
medieval european alchemy. Is the above address for the patent complete?
The above adress was right in 1996, things are moving so quikly in Russia
right now....
On that time I had a trouble to pay the patent due the fact the bank account
of Rospatent was cancelled in the West... One year later I've been able to
pay the amount of something near $40. In any case a patent attorney is able
to give you the right adress updated, bank account and so on. Delivery time
three days after the request by fax.
I hope you are reading Russian language. I proposed to send you a french
translation through e-mail. As you want.
For this patent you have to know : first requisition July 16th 1992, patent
delivered May 27th 1995.
If you are interested by old alchemia, there's new concepts running on cold
fusion and results are excellent. There's a junction between modern concepts
and old european alchemia. It depends what you are looking for. There's some
very good specialist in Italy, experiments are running through Berthollet's
powder, and experiments are running... Due to the fact a such powder is
involved, perhaps there's somebody in this newsgroup having other good
information.
Be sure red mercury has nothing to deal with alchemia and cold fusion, red
mercury is only an hoax.
Cold fusion and alchemia are running in the field of electrons, a new model
putting partially "off" Bohr's model of atom, but that's a too long story to
put on a NG.
You are thinking red mercury is running with neutrons, you are wrong.
When you will be successful to produce red mercury (no doubt you are a good
chemist), please send me 50 grams for my private collection of crazy
products without any use in my office show room, I've planty of other
things.
Thanks for the tip about Berthollet's Powder and the details available
in another message. The amount of gold involved, 0.6g, is reminiscent
of the amounts produced by one Dr. James Price, in 1782, during his
demonstration experiments in front of the Royal Society. These ranged
from 6 to 11 grains of gold, produced by the action of Price's 'red
powder' upon heated mercury. Later he transmuted mercury to yield 120
grains of gold as a presentation to George III, who was so impressed
that he ordered a regular gold supply from Price, to help with the war
effort. As anyone familiar with reports of the amounts of Philosopher's
Stone created by any one alchemist and the few grams of gold generated
in the course of a typical transmutation can testify, the king's
expectations were completely unrealistic and led to Price's suicide.
The official account of his demonstrations before the Royal Society is
available at <http.www.levity.com/alchemy/dr_price.html >. Incidentally,
wasn't Berthollet a celebrated Swedish chemist in the early 1800's,
which would make him a near contemporary of Price?
First I would like to add and confirm this experiment has nothing to deal
with Hg2Sb2O7
Experiments are performed according to the receipe of Roberto A. Monti.
Italian citizen.
The cost of the gold produced is much more higher than the price of gold in
a bank...
Not possible to make a fortune with this receipe.
As complementary explanation :
Mr Claude Berthollet (1748-1822) french citizen, chemist, has discovered
whitening properties of hypochlorites and prepared chlorates to be used in
powders, and he developped some new powders with chlorates.
He discovered composition of acids and bases and began together with Mr
Lavoisier to perform a classification of chemicals products. He gave the
basic rules of chemical reaction : salt + salt; acid+base, acid + salt...
He was comptemporary of Price but at my knowledge has never been in
Sweden...
To have Berthollet's powder you replace KNO3 in the gun powder by chlorate,
with necessary stoechiometirc adaptation.
At that time chemistry and alchemia weren't dissociated. The wellknown
experiment of Mr Lavoisier having determined the composition of the air
after having been boiling mercury during three weeks.. Mr Lavoisier wasn't
looking for air analysis, he was looking for something in the field of
alchemia..
The main advantage of alchemia is : Alchemia has always been a very good
engine to push guys to find something, to perform experiment and to try to
explain something.
Right now the "cold fusion" is the new name of alchemia.
Time to time cold fusion is working and we don't know all criterias (see US
Navy report, NAWCWPNS by Melvin Miles), time to time transmutation to gold
is successful (with the same ratio !!!) and we don't know why...One
experiment producing 0.605 g of gold may be considered as an excellent
result. The same experiment some weeks later and the result = zero may be
considered as : all parameters haven't been identified...
I understand absolutely how Price has been disappointed, but in any case I
don't want to take my life for a such reason
If it was so simple, the trick would have flown in the wind after centuries.
If you have gold performing an amalgam with mercury it's very easy to verify
by mass spectrometer..
To do an hoax for yourself has no interest.
The problem is arising when you have not the ray of gold before the
experiment in the components and when you obtain a clear ray of gold on the
mass spectrometer after the experiment with the help of Berthollet's powder.
The first reaction is to think your mass spectrometer is "out"... you ask
for a maintenance, but the guy performing the maintenance / calibration of
the mass spectrometer is saying : It's OK, no problem.
At this point you have the "problem".
It would have been much more simple if the result of the first experiment
would have been zero, no test to perform any more.
Such experiments are done for "fun", seriously, but for "fun".
I prefer to work with Al Ultra fine powder, the target is much more serious
Thanks for the additional info. The combination for Berthollet's Powder
that you describe, KClO3 + C + S, looks as if it could have figured in
Berthollet and Lavoisier's experiments in the 1780's, particularly the
demonstration involving chlorate in which two daughters of french
government officials were killed. Lavoisier seems to have eclipsed his
colleague unjustifiably in chemical history. What about adding the
powder to Hg3Sb4O13 to red heat to observe any extra oxidation of
sulphur and carbon, like from the next room? At least I confused
Berthollet with Berzelius rather than Berthelot, so at least I was in
the right century. A pity they had to have such similar names.
LINK
>Did this ever exist or was it a post communist hoax ?
>One theory came to me via AEC Pelindaba, that it was neutron enriched
>Mercury which could be used to miniturise nuclear devices.
>Alan Kidger of Thor Chemicals was murdered over his involvement in Red
>Mercury.
The way to approach this problem of verifying the existence and reports surrounding red mercury is the same as the approach to any dubiously verifiable set of circumstances. Look for any authoritative record concerning the amalgam involved and, if none exists, as I am sure none does in this case, look for any such record of the amalgamating compound, Hg2Sb2O7.
The International Chemical Register No. for this is 20720-76-7. If you try to repeat the synthesis of this compound in accordance with Dr. Sleight's report of 1968 in the Journal of Inorganic Chemistry my bet is you'll come to the same conclusion about it as myself. You can produce the red-brown compound he describes with a low stability and X-ray analysis that do not match his specifications. Or you can stabilise it to a light grey compound with high stability (does not even melt below ~1,000 degrees C) which provides an X-ray scan that certainly does match his specifications, right down to the relative intensities of the reflection peaks.
In short, Dr. Sleight appears to have lost HgO after producing the ternary oxide Hg2Sb2O7 and produced Hg3Sb4O13, a combination of the meta- and pyro-antimonate. Although this compound was hypothetical, my X-ray analysis of the oxide expelled from the compound as it was stabilised and quantitative analyses of the initial product, the stabilised residue and lost oxide confirm its existence. I have repeated the entire process 5 times without any deviation in the result. The final compound stains the melting surface of pyrex glass to a ruby-glass effect but, though it adsorbs onto the surface of mercury easily enough, I do not have the equipment to pressurize it into the element and find out if it forms a stable amalgam.
Red mercury is coming back...
Undoubtly that's an hoax to protect other discovery and to work as little
bells to each guy willing to speack about something they don't know.
An institute of St Petersburg has placed a patent in 1995 to produce
Hg2Sb2O7, good quality and stability (pyroantimoniate of mercury)... This
patent has been published (not classified). Red-brown color...I baught a
copy of this patent
to national Russian organisation for patents "SoyuzPatent", no problem. I've
the translation in French if someone is interested I'm able to send the
translation in French (you need to request it to my e-mail adress), (easier
than Russian I suppose for a majority of this NG).
You gave the name of a guy been killed for that, he hasn't been alone : in
1993 a plane sunk in Lugano's Lake at the boarder between Switzerland and
Italy (5
persons...) Police concluded it was in connexion with a mafia deal with Red
Mercury...
It was said company Promecologia in Ekaterinburg was the lonely producer of
Hg2Sb2O7 under state license. I visited many times Ekaterinburg. This
company has fallen in bankruptcy some years ago.
Don't dream anymore about that.
A friend of mine, head of the Chair of inorganic chemistry in a Russian
State University said : That's very dangerous for mice and rates...
By way of reply I should like to refer you to the introduction to
Part II of a book I have been writing since 1994 on this subject:-
'In April 1996 two things happened which gave new direction
to my researches into this compound. One was that a correspondent to
the ‘
International Chemical Register (ICR) Number for it; 20720-76-7. The
other was that a book published in ’95, ‘The Mini-nuke Conspiracy’,
came to my attention. It contained the ICR number plus the name of the
chemist, Dr. Sleight, who had synthesized one or more allotropes of it
for the American explosives manufacturer Du Pont de Nemours, in ’68.
Using this information I easily found the chemical abstract (or note
concerning the experimental report) in volume 69 of the Chemical
Abstract Services’ (CAS) output, abstract number 71239v.
The description appearing against the ICR number would not
inspire much confidence in anyone unfamiliar with the one available
in ‘The Mini-nuke Conspiracy’, where it is described as ‘a mercury salt
of antimonic acid’:-
20720-76-7 Antimonic acid (H4Sb2O7 ), mercury (2+) salt (1:2)
H4O7 Sb2 .2Hg
However, anyone who had attempted to produce the compound
using reaction (2) on page 3 of Part I* would recognise the reactants
referred to. Unless they had a supply of oxygen available they would
also recall their observation of the ease with which mercury is
liberated from a compound when it is heated in solution. My own
experiences with this method were so disappointing that I did not even
include it in my test reports. The thing to remember about its
limitations is that they only obtain for the thermally unstable
allotropic forms of the compound. Another situation hardly calculated
to inspire confidence in the procedure is J.R. Partington’s reference
to antimonic and antimonious acids in his ‘Textbook of Inorganic
Chemistry’, where he states that their existence is ‘extremely
doubtful’. Antimonic acid’s formula appears against ‘Antimony
oxyhydrate’ in R.C. Weast’s ‘Handbook of Chemistry and Physics’.
Now, if the ICR description is considered inconclusive
what may be said of the one in the abstract? I had already examined the
CAS Subject Index for 1967-71 before April ’96 during the course of a
trawl through the service’s indices, looking for mercury salts of all
possible descriptions. The sought-after compound appeared as:-
mercury (2+) salt (1:2)[20720-76-7], crystal structure of,
69 :71239v '
* (2) 2HgO + H4Sb2O7 => Hg2Sb2O7 + H2O
Whatever else it may be, mercuric pyro-antimoniate is clearly not a
dream. As to the amalgam it produces when pressurized with mercury and
an actinide within a neutron-rich environment, this supposedly being
the means by which red mercury is produced, well, who knows?
There's another way to produce Hg2Sb2O7 discribed in the Russian patent
2036149 placed by Mr A.E.Chirinsky working at Institute for technological
simulation a Petersburg subsidiary of Russian Academy of science. This
patent having not been exented in validity elsewhere than Russia, everybody
is able to use this process excepted in Russia where you need a licence to
produce.
In fact Chirinsky uses acetic solution of mercury plus potassium hydroxyde
in reaction with potassium hexahydroxyantimoniate.
In this patent the process described by W.Sleight is took as reference for a
bad production of Hg2Sb2O7 and to prove the process described is a real
invention.
The full text of the patent is for sale at : NPO Poďsk of Rospatent 113035
Moscow ,J-35, Raouchskaya nab, 4/5
Thanks v. much for your response. It wouldn't surprise me if Dr. Arthur
Sleight's experimental method really was flawed and I'm always keen on
finding out about different ways of combining antimony and mercury in a
double oxide. I tried different methods of achieving this for 14 years
before hearing about red mercury, due to my interest in chinese and
medieval european alchemy. Is the above address for the patent complete?
The above adress was right in 1996, things are moving so quikly in Russia
right now....
On that time I had a trouble to pay the patent due the fact the bank account
of Rospatent was cancelled in the West... One year later I've been able to
pay the amount of something near $40. In any case a patent attorney is able
to give you the right adress updated, bank account and so on. Delivery time
three days after the request by fax.
I hope you are reading Russian language. I proposed to send you a french
translation through e-mail. As you want.
For this patent you have to know : first requisition July 16th 1992, patent
delivered May 27th 1995.
If you are interested by old alchemia, there's new concepts running on cold
fusion and results are excellent. There's a junction between modern concepts
and old european alchemia. It depends what you are looking for. There's some
very good specialist in Italy, experiments are running through Berthollet's
powder, and experiments are running... Due to the fact a such powder is
involved, perhaps there's somebody in this newsgroup having other good
information.
Be sure red mercury has nothing to deal with alchemia and cold fusion, red
mercury is only an hoax.
Cold fusion and alchemia are running in the field of electrons, a new model
putting partially "off" Bohr's model of atom, but that's a too long story to
put on a NG.
You are thinking red mercury is running with neutrons, you are wrong.
When you will be successful to produce red mercury (no doubt you are a good
chemist), please send me 50 grams for my private collection of crazy
products without any use in my office show room, I've planty of other
things.
Thanks for the tip about Berthollet's Powder and the details available
in another message. The amount of gold involved, 0.6g, is reminiscent
of the amounts produced by one Dr. James Price, in 1782, during his
demonstration experiments in front of the Royal Society. These ranged
from 6 to 11 grains of gold, produced by the action of Price's 'red
powder' upon heated mercury. Later he transmuted mercury to yield 120
grains of gold as a presentation to George III, who was so impressed
that he ordered a regular gold supply from Price, to help with the war
effort. As anyone familiar with reports of the amounts of Philosopher's
Stone created by any one alchemist and the few grams of gold generated
in the course of a typical transmutation can testify, the king's
expectations were completely unrealistic and led to Price's suicide.
The official account of his demonstrations before the Royal Society is
available at <http.www.levity.com/alchemy/
wasn't Berthollet a celebrated Swedish chemist in the early 1800's,
which would make him a near contemporary of Price?
First I would like to add and confirm this experiment has nothing to deal
with Hg2Sb2O7
Experiments are performed according to the receipe of Roberto A. Monti.
Italian citizen.
The cost of the gold produced is much more higher than the price of gold in
a bank...
Not possible to make a fortune with this receipe.
As complementary explanation :
Mr Claude Berthollet (1748-1822) french citizen, chemist, has discovered
whitening properties of hypochlorites and prepared chlorates to be used in
powders, and he developped some new powders with chlorates.
He discovered composition of acids and bases and began together with Mr
Lavoisier to perform a classification of chemicals products. He gave the
basic rules of chemical reaction : salt + salt; acid+base, acid + salt...
He was comptemporary of Price but at my knowledge has never been in
Sweden...
To have Berthollet's powder you replace KNO3 in the gun powder by chlorate,
with necessary stoechiometirc adaptation.
At that time chemistry and alchemia weren't dissociated. The wellknown
experiment of Mr Lavoisier having determined the composition of the air
after having been boiling mercury during three weeks.. Mr Lavoisier wasn't
looking for air analysis, he was looking for something in the field of
alchemia..
The main advantage of alchemia is : Alchemia has always been a very good
engine to push guys to find something, to perform experiment and to try to
explain something.
Right now the "cold fusion" is the new name of alchemia.
Time to time cold fusion is working and we don't know all criterias (see US
Navy report, NAWCWPNS by Melvin Miles), time to time transmutation to gold
is successful (with the same ratio !!!) and we don't know why...One
experiment producing 0.605 g of gold may be considered as an excellent
result. The same experiment some weeks later and the result = zero may be
considered as : all parameters haven't been identified...
I understand absolutely how Price has been disappointed, but in any case I
don't want to take my life for a such reason
If it was so simple, the trick would have flown in the wind after centuries.
If you have gold performing an amalgam with mercury it's very easy to verify
by mass spectrometer..
To do an hoax for yourself has no interest.
The problem is arising when you have not the ray of gold before the
experiment in the components and when you obtain a clear ray of gold on the
mass spectrometer after the experiment with the help of Berthollet's powder.
The first reaction is to think your mass spectrometer is "out"... you ask
for a maintenance, but the guy performing the maintenance / calibration of
the mass spectrometer is saying : It's OK, no problem.
At this point you have the "problem".
It would have been much more simple if the result of the first experiment
would have been zero, no test to perform any more.
Such experiments are done for "fun", seriously, but for "fun".
I prefer to work with Al Ultra fine powder, the target is much more serious
Thanks for the additional info. The combination for Berthollet's Powder
that you describe, KClO3 + C + S, looks as if it could have figured in
Berthollet and Lavoisier's experiments in the 1780's, particularly the
demonstration involving chlorate in which two daughters of french
government officials were killed. Lavoisier seems to have eclipsed his
colleague unjustifiably in chemical history. What about adding the
powder to Hg3Sb4O13 to red heat to observe any extra oxidation of
sulphur and carbon, like from the next room? At least I confused
Berthollet with Berzelius rather than Berthelot, so at least I was in
the right century. A pity they had to have such similar names.
LINK
Sunday, June 19, 2016
Technetium-99m is a widely used radioactive tracer isotope in Nuclear Medicine. ...Technetium -99m is produced by bombarding molybdenum 98Mo with neutrons. The resultant 99Mo decays with a half-life of 66 hours to the metastable state of Tc . This process permits the production of 99mTc for medical purposes. Since 99Mo is a fission product of 235U fission, it can be separated from the other fission products and used to generate 99mTc. For medical purposes, the 99mTc is used in the form of pertechnate, TcO4-
Thursday, June 16, 2016
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Coal Ash Is More Radioactive Than Nuclear Waste
By burning away all the pesky carbon and other impurities, coal power plants produce heaps of radiation
Coal, meanwhile, is believed responsible for a host of more quotidian problems, such as mining accidents, acid rain and greenhouse gas emissions. But it isn't supposed to spawn three-eyed fish like Blinky.
Over the past few decades, however, a series of studies has called these stereotypes into question. Among the surprising conclusions: the waste produced by coal plants is actually more radioactive than that generated by their nuclear counterparts. In fact, the fly ash emitted by a power plant—a by-product from burning coal for electricity—carries into the surrounding environment 100 times more radiation than a nuclear power plant producing the same amount of energy. * [See Editor's Note at end of page 2]
At issue is coal's content of uranium and thorium, both radioactive elements. They occur in such trace amounts in natural, or "whole," coal that they aren't a problem. But when coal is burned into fly ash, uranium and thorium are concentrated at up to 10 times their original levels
Nuclear Trafficking Hoaxes: A Short History of Scams Involving Red Mercury and Osmium-187
Multiple instances of profit-motivated nuclear hoaxes have been
reported in the media in the past two decades, in which sellers offer
weapons-usable or weapons-grade nuclear material and instead deliver
some other bogus radioactive, or in some cases, nonradioactive
substance. Such scams increased when economic conditions in the former
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe declined in the late 1980s and early
1990s. The region's economic decline coupled with weakened security and
enforcement mechanisms and a growing interest on the part of both state
and non-state actors to illegally obtain nuclear materials all created
favorable conditions for nuclear trafficking scams.
Nuclear scams often involve natural uranium, depleted uranium, or low-enriched uranium (LEU) reactor fuel, none of which is suitable for nuclear weapons. Other scams involve highly radioactive sources, such as cesium-237 or cobalt-60, which, though not fissile material, could be lethal components in a radiological dispersal device.
Two non-fissile substances that frequently have been used by con artists as substitutes for nuclear materials are so-called red mercury and osmium-187. Hoaxes involving both substances have become legendary after being the subject of widely reported trafficking attempts throughout the 1990s. A major reason these scams have been so widespread and common is likely related to the fact that there is some truth in the claims made by the con artists. Red mercury is the name given to an alleged nuclear weapon ingredient that does not exist in the form (Hg2Sb207) and with the characteristics described by nuclear scam artists. Some experts have suggested, however, that red mercury is in fact another name for lithium-6, a substance that can be used in the production of compact and highly efficient thermonuclear devices. Osmium-187 is a bona fide nonradioactive material not used for weapon construction, but because it is indeed an expensive commodity and one that is produced through a process similar to uranium enrichment, nuclear traffickers seized on it as a marketable product. This issue brief provides background on the two substances and summarizes some of the high-profile hoaxes in which they have been used.
References to red mercury began to appear in major Russian and Western media sources in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The articles were never specific as to what exactly red mercury was, but the accounts claimed that the substance was a valuable strategic commodity and a necessary component in a nuclear bomb and/or that it was important in the production of boosted nuclear weapons. Supposedly citing a leaked Russian government memorandum, an April 1993 article in the widely-read Russian daily Pravda reported that red mercury is "a super-conductive material used for producing high-precision conventional and nuclear bomb explosives, 'stealth' surfaces and self-guided warheads. Primary end-users are major aerospace and nuclear-industry companies in the United States and France along with nations aspiring to join the nuclear club, such as South Africa, Israel, Iran, Iraq, and Libya."[5] Red mercury was peddled throughout Europe and the Middle East by Russian businessmen, who made fortunes in the process. In one case, a Saudi Arabian sheikh reportedly paid £2.5 million for several shipments of the substance.[6] Described as a brownish powder or a red liquid,[7] red mercury was said to originate from various locations in the USSR, namely Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan,[8] and Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk,[9] and Sverdlovsk in Russia.[10]
Western media also carried accounts of red mercury and its nuclear applications. According to a July 1993 article in Nucleonics Week, red mercury was a code word used in the USSR nuclear weapons program since the 1950s to describe enriched lithium-6, which, according to the article, can be used to produce tritium, which, when fused with deuterium, can be used in the fusion stage of a thermonuclear weapon. Lithium-6 received its code name because of the red-hued impurities in the mercury used to produce lithium-6. According to the article, the USSR built a large complex in the early days of its nuclear weapon program to produce and stockpile lithium-6.[11]
The Nucleonics Week article was followed by two television programs on red mercury produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation as part of its Dispatches series. Trail of Red Mercury (1993) and Pocket Neutron (1994) presented "startling new evidence" that Russian scientists had designed a simple, cheap, pure fusion weapon or neutron bomb, the size of a tennis ball, using a "mysterious compound" called red mercury.[12] A June 1994 article in the venerable International Defense Review quoted Western and Russian nuclear physicists as confirming the existence and destructive capabilities of red mercury.[13] One of those quoted, U.S. nuclear physicist Sam Cohen, to this day continues to write passionately about the nuclear applications of red mercury, which he describes as a "ballotechnic" explosive that, "when ignited, does not actually explode but stays intact long enough to produce the enormous temperatures and pressures sufficient to enable deuterium-tritium fusion."[14]
However, beginning in 1992, at the height of the red mercury scams, government and independent experts from Russia, the United States, and elsewhere made repeated attempts to debunk the idea that red mercury was a wonder-weapon. In September 1992, Yuriy Tychkov, deputy minister of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy and Industry, called rumors about red mercury's usefulness in weapons a sham. According to Tychkov, many entrepreneurs were using the name of red mercury, an uncontrolled substance, as a cover for smuggling controlled substances—precious metals and fissile material—out of the country. Tychkov reported that dozens of Russian ministries were inundated with requests for export licenses for the non-existent substance.[15] The head of Interpol's National Central Bureau in Russia, Militia Lieutenant General Vasiliy Ignatov, made the following statement at an Interpol congress in March 1993: "No red mercury exists in nature, either factually or physically, and such an element is impossible to create. What is being sold, as a rule, are different reagents."[16] In a July 1993 Pravda article, Major General Aleksandr Gurov, director of the Russian Security Ministry's Scientific Research Institute of Security was quoted as saying that red mercury is a slang term for "oxide of mercury."[17] Gurov was later appointed head of a special government commission tasked with investigating red mercury. In his findings, released in 1995, Gurov insisted that red mercury does not exist.[18]
One of the strangest chapters in the story of red mercury scams was the signing of Decree No. 75-RPS On the Promekologiya Concern on February 21, 1992 by then President Boris Yeltsin granting a Yekaterinburg-based company, Promekologiya, exclusive rights to produce, purchase, store, transport, and sell 84 tons of red mercury for $24.2 billion over a three-year period to a Van Nuys, California company called Automated Products International. Promekologiya was to use proceeds from the sales for public works projects throughout Russia, such as defense conversion, power generation, and environmental projects. The head of Promekologiya reported that his company received over $40 billion in orders from foreign companies.[19] The decree was later rescinded on March 20, 1993. Open source material does not indicate what materials, if any, actually changed hands.[20]
By the mid- to late-1990s, open source accounts of trafficking in red mercury in the former Soviet Union dried up as media and government authorities debunked its alleged nuclear applications and denied its very existence. Russian media carried fewer and fewer accounts of red mercury hoaxes as reporters, the public, and prospective buyers became better informed.
Political pundits and social commentators have advanced several theories to explain the 1990s red mercury phenomenon in the former Soviet Union. Some suggest that it was simply a grand deception perpetrated by entrepreneurial criminals meant to bilk money from gullible buyers. A more sinister interpretation, and one shared by Deputy Minister of Atomic Energy Tychkov, is that it was a cover for the successful export of precious metals or fissile material. Still others believe the phenomenon was a carefully crafted scam by the Russian government to make millions. A report by Intelligence Online suggests that Western intelligence agencies used the Russian-produced scam to identify middlemen caught in Russia's trap. Furthermore, the report claims that the United States has a renewed interest in reviewing the last decade's red mercury scams and its perpetrators to determine whether real radioactive material actually exchanged hands.[21]
Others, however, continue to believe in red mercury and its purported nuclear properties. U.S. nuclear physicist Sam Cohen continues to claim that the U.S. government is simply turning a blind eye to a technology it knows exists and raises concerns about the consequences of a terrorist attack using a red mercury device.[22] Two Russian academics go so far as to claim that red mercury can be used to resolve the ills of the human race and planet earth by aiding in oil extraction, restoring exhausted mines to production, reviving unproductive agricultural land, recultivating nuclear test sites, cleansing land polluted with radionuclides, producing medicine, and creating environmentally clean fuel for new sources of energy.[23]
Osmium is a hard metal of the platinum group used to produce very hard alloys for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, phonograph needles, and electrical contacts.[24] Osmium-related scams involve osmium-187, one of the seven naturally occurring osmium isotopes, which comprises only 1.64% of natural osmium. Osmium-187 is included neither in special nuclear materials, which are controlled by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, nor in the dual-use items of the Commerce Control List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the U.S. Department of Commerce.[25] Osmium-187 is not a controlled material under the Guidelines of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) either. Osmium-187 is frequently used in scams by con artists, however, who claim that it has nuclear weapons applications.
Because osmium-187 is very dense, it might be thought to be an excellent material for a nuclear weapon's tamper, which allows the nuclear explosive material to stay compact for a relatively long period of time, increasing the explosive yield. However, osmium-187 would not be a logical choice for a tamper because it is very expensive, costing from $50,000 to $100,000 per gram, and other materials, such as uranium-238, are much cheaper and more readily available. In addition, osmium-187 would be too dense to be used as a neutron reflector, which aids in increasing the yield of a nuclear weapon. Instead, beryllium, a lighter material, is typically used to make reflectors because it is less expensive and has better neutron reflecting properties. Finally, osmium-187 is not radioactive, which excludes its use as a component of a "dirty bomb," or radiological dispersal device.
The technique required to separate osmium-187 from natural osmium is quite similar to the uranium enrichment process, which could be one of the arguments used by con artists to claim the isotope has nuclear applications. Such arguments are frequently repeated by the media as well, which unfortunately give credence to the con artists' claims that the isotope indeed has nuclear applications. For example, a September 2002 article in the Russian newspaper Argumenty i fakty discusses the threat posed by smuggling of osmium-187, claiming that technologies for the chemical separation of osmium and plutonium are completely identical, erroneously implying that osmium is linked to the production of nuclear weapons.[26]
In spite of attempts by experts to debunk osmium's supposed nuclear applications, many sources, including the media and even government officials, continue to tout osmium's strategic significance and warn of its possible use in nuclear weapons. For example, in September 2002, a member of the Russian Parliament's Security Committee, Viktor Ilyukhin, accused Kazakhstan of unauthorized production of osmium-187, which, in his words, can be used in the production of nuclear weapons.[27] It's also notable that Kazakhstan itself controls osmium-187 as a dual-use material.[28]
Scams related to osmium-187 trafficking are generally motivated by profit and usually occur on the territory of the former Soviet Union, since the region possesses two major osmium mining plants: Norilsk Nickel in Russia and Kazakhmys in Kazakhstan.[29] Some examples of attempted trafficking scams involving osmium-187 include the following:
Nuclear scams often involve natural uranium, depleted uranium, or low-enriched uranium (LEU) reactor fuel, none of which is suitable for nuclear weapons. Other scams involve highly radioactive sources, such as cesium-237 or cobalt-60, which, though not fissile material, could be lethal components in a radiological dispersal device.
Two non-fissile substances that frequently have been used by con artists as substitutes for nuclear materials are so-called red mercury and osmium-187. Hoaxes involving both substances have become legendary after being the subject of widely reported trafficking attempts throughout the 1990s. A major reason these scams have been so widespread and common is likely related to the fact that there is some truth in the claims made by the con artists. Red mercury is the name given to an alleged nuclear weapon ingredient that does not exist in the form (Hg2Sb207) and with the characteristics described by nuclear scam artists. Some experts have suggested, however, that red mercury is in fact another name for lithium-6, a substance that can be used in the production of compact and highly efficient thermonuclear devices. Osmium-187 is a bona fide nonradioactive material not used for weapon construction, but because it is indeed an expensive commodity and one that is produced through a process similar to uranium enrichment, nuclear traffickers seized on it as a marketable product. This issue brief provides background on the two substances and summarizes some of the high-profile hoaxes in which they have been used.
Red Mercury
Red mercury has been the subject of dozens, if not hundreds, of cases or attempted cases of illicit trafficking. Some of the more interesting cases involving the transfer of materials under the name of red mercury include the following:- After his defection, a former deputy unit chief of the North Korean uranium refinery plant Namchon Chemical Complex claimed that North Korea imported beryllium and red mercury from sources in Russia in 1993 through a smuggling organization in Pyongyang that involved the Russian mafia.[1]
- In one attempt that stands out for the quantity offered and price requested, a Romanian woman reportedly offered to sell 138 kg of red mercury purchased in Chelyabinsk and acquired in Moscow to the Swiss firm Mueller Troihand for $340,000 per kg.[2]
- A December 1997 New York Times article reported allegations made by a political rival that former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic attempted to purchase a nuclear weapon in 1995 from sources in the former Soviet Union in order to put an end to the Bosnian War. Karadzic allegedly paid $6 million up front for the device, with an additional $60 million to follow. Told that the device was made from red mercury, Karadzic received a brass container filled with jelly-like material. Surprised at the contents, he reportedly sent aides to Moscow to determine whether the device was in fact a nuclear weapon. To his dismay, the word from Moscow was that he had been swindled.[3]
- A June 1999 issue of Jane's Intelligence Review cited Western intelligence analysts as saying that al-Qai'da operatives with little technical expertise were being swindled in their attempts to locate and purchase nuclear materials. One of these agents, later arrested in the United States, may have been swindled by con artists selling red mercury.[4]
References to red mercury began to appear in major Russian and Western media sources in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The articles were never specific as to what exactly red mercury was, but the accounts claimed that the substance was a valuable strategic commodity and a necessary component in a nuclear bomb and/or that it was important in the production of boosted nuclear weapons. Supposedly citing a leaked Russian government memorandum, an April 1993 article in the widely-read Russian daily Pravda reported that red mercury is "a super-conductive material used for producing high-precision conventional and nuclear bomb explosives, 'stealth' surfaces and self-guided warheads. Primary end-users are major aerospace and nuclear-industry companies in the United States and France along with nations aspiring to join the nuclear club, such as South Africa, Israel, Iran, Iraq, and Libya."[5] Red mercury was peddled throughout Europe and the Middle East by Russian businessmen, who made fortunes in the process. In one case, a Saudi Arabian sheikh reportedly paid £2.5 million for several shipments of the substance.[6] Described as a brownish powder or a red liquid,[7] red mercury was said to originate from various locations in the USSR, namely Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan,[8] and Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk,[9] and Sverdlovsk in Russia.[10]
Western media also carried accounts of red mercury and its nuclear applications. According to a July 1993 article in Nucleonics Week, red mercury was a code word used in the USSR nuclear weapons program since the 1950s to describe enriched lithium-6, which, according to the article, can be used to produce tritium, which, when fused with deuterium, can be used in the fusion stage of a thermonuclear weapon. Lithium-6 received its code name because of the red-hued impurities in the mercury used to produce lithium-6. According to the article, the USSR built a large complex in the early days of its nuclear weapon program to produce and stockpile lithium-6.[11]
The Nucleonics Week article was followed by two television programs on red mercury produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation as part of its Dispatches series. Trail of Red Mercury (1993) and Pocket Neutron (1994) presented "startling new evidence" that Russian scientists had designed a simple, cheap, pure fusion weapon or neutron bomb, the size of a tennis ball, using a "mysterious compound" called red mercury.[12] A June 1994 article in the venerable International Defense Review quoted Western and Russian nuclear physicists as confirming the existence and destructive capabilities of red mercury.[13] One of those quoted, U.S. nuclear physicist Sam Cohen, to this day continues to write passionately about the nuclear applications of red mercury, which he describes as a "ballotechnic" explosive that, "when ignited, does not actually explode but stays intact long enough to produce the enormous temperatures and pressures sufficient to enable deuterium-tritium fusion."[14]
However, beginning in 1992, at the height of the red mercury scams, government and independent experts from Russia, the United States, and elsewhere made repeated attempts to debunk the idea that red mercury was a wonder-weapon. In September 1992, Yuriy Tychkov, deputy minister of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy and Industry, called rumors about red mercury's usefulness in weapons a sham. According to Tychkov, many entrepreneurs were using the name of red mercury, an uncontrolled substance, as a cover for smuggling controlled substances—precious metals and fissile material—out of the country. Tychkov reported that dozens of Russian ministries were inundated with requests for export licenses for the non-existent substance.[15] The head of Interpol's National Central Bureau in Russia, Militia Lieutenant General Vasiliy Ignatov, made the following statement at an Interpol congress in March 1993: "No red mercury exists in nature, either factually or physically, and such an element is impossible to create. What is being sold, as a rule, are different reagents."[16] In a July 1993 Pravda article, Major General Aleksandr Gurov, director of the Russian Security Ministry's Scientific Research Institute of Security was quoted as saying that red mercury is a slang term for "oxide of mercury."[17] Gurov was later appointed head of a special government commission tasked with investigating red mercury. In his findings, released in 1995, Gurov insisted that red mercury does not exist.[18]
One of the strangest chapters in the story of red mercury scams was the signing of Decree No. 75-RPS On the Promekologiya Concern on February 21, 1992 by then President Boris Yeltsin granting a Yekaterinburg-based company, Promekologiya, exclusive rights to produce, purchase, store, transport, and sell 84 tons of red mercury for $24.2 billion over a three-year period to a Van Nuys, California company called Automated Products International. Promekologiya was to use proceeds from the sales for public works projects throughout Russia, such as defense conversion, power generation, and environmental projects. The head of Promekologiya reported that his company received over $40 billion in orders from foreign companies.[19] The decree was later rescinded on March 20, 1993. Open source material does not indicate what materials, if any, actually changed hands.[20]
By the mid- to late-1990s, open source accounts of trafficking in red mercury in the former Soviet Union dried up as media and government authorities debunked its alleged nuclear applications and denied its very existence. Russian media carried fewer and fewer accounts of red mercury hoaxes as reporters, the public, and prospective buyers became better informed.
Political pundits and social commentators have advanced several theories to explain the 1990s red mercury phenomenon in the former Soviet Union. Some suggest that it was simply a grand deception perpetrated by entrepreneurial criminals meant to bilk money from gullible buyers. A more sinister interpretation, and one shared by Deputy Minister of Atomic Energy Tychkov, is that it was a cover for the successful export of precious metals or fissile material. Still others believe the phenomenon was a carefully crafted scam by the Russian government to make millions. A report by Intelligence Online suggests that Western intelligence agencies used the Russian-produced scam to identify middlemen caught in Russia's trap. Furthermore, the report claims that the United States has a renewed interest in reviewing the last decade's red mercury scams and its perpetrators to determine whether real radioactive material actually exchanged hands.[21]
Others, however, continue to believe in red mercury and its purported nuclear properties. U.S. nuclear physicist Sam Cohen continues to claim that the U.S. government is simply turning a blind eye to a technology it knows exists and raises concerns about the consequences of a terrorist attack using a red mercury device.[22] Two Russian academics go so far as to claim that red mercury can be used to resolve the ills of the human race and planet earth by aiding in oil extraction, restoring exhausted mines to production, reviving unproductive agricultural land, recultivating nuclear test sites, cleansing land polluted with radionuclides, producing medicine, and creating environmentally clean fuel for new sources of energy.[23]
Osmium-187
No sooner had red mercury begun to disappear from media reports than nuclear traffickers began touting a new commodity—osmium-187—as a vital substance for the creation of nuclear weapons.Osmium is a hard metal of the platinum group used to produce very hard alloys for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, phonograph needles, and electrical contacts.[24] Osmium-related scams involve osmium-187, one of the seven naturally occurring osmium isotopes, which comprises only 1.64% of natural osmium. Osmium-187 is included neither in special nuclear materials, which are controlled by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, nor in the dual-use items of the Commerce Control List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the U.S. Department of Commerce.[25] Osmium-187 is not a controlled material under the Guidelines of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) either. Osmium-187 is frequently used in scams by con artists, however, who claim that it has nuclear weapons applications.
Because osmium-187 is very dense, it might be thought to be an excellent material for a nuclear weapon's tamper, which allows the nuclear explosive material to stay compact for a relatively long period of time, increasing the explosive yield. However, osmium-187 would not be a logical choice for a tamper because it is very expensive, costing from $50,000 to $100,000 per gram, and other materials, such as uranium-238, are much cheaper and more readily available. In addition, osmium-187 would be too dense to be used as a neutron reflector, which aids in increasing the yield of a nuclear weapon. Instead, beryllium, a lighter material, is typically used to make reflectors because it is less expensive and has better neutron reflecting properties. Finally, osmium-187 is not radioactive, which excludes its use as a component of a "dirty bomb," or radiological dispersal device.
The technique required to separate osmium-187 from natural osmium is quite similar to the uranium enrichment process, which could be one of the arguments used by con artists to claim the isotope has nuclear applications. Such arguments are frequently repeated by the media as well, which unfortunately give credence to the con artists' claims that the isotope indeed has nuclear applications. For example, a September 2002 article in the Russian newspaper Argumenty i fakty discusses the threat posed by smuggling of osmium-187, claiming that technologies for the chemical separation of osmium and plutonium are completely identical, erroneously implying that osmium is linked to the production of nuclear weapons.[26]
In spite of attempts by experts to debunk osmium's supposed nuclear applications, many sources, including the media and even government officials, continue to tout osmium's strategic significance and warn of its possible use in nuclear weapons. For example, in September 2002, a member of the Russian Parliament's Security Committee, Viktor Ilyukhin, accused Kazakhstan of unauthorized production of osmium-187, which, in his words, can be used in the production of nuclear weapons.[27] It's also notable that Kazakhstan itself controls osmium-187 as a dual-use material.[28]
Scams related to osmium-187 trafficking are generally motivated by profit and usually occur on the territory of the former Soviet Union, since the region possesses two major osmium mining plants: Norilsk Nickel in Russia and Kazakhmys in Kazakhstan.[29] Some examples of attempted trafficking scams involving osmium-187 include the following:
- On June 21, 2000, police in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, arrested eight suspects and seized an ampoule with an unspecified quantity of osmium-187. The material was stolen from a Kazakhstani factory by four workers, who had transported it across the border into Russia in hopes of selling it in Novosibirsk.[30]
- According to the Moscow regional directorate of the Russian Federal Security Service, on December 28, 2001, five suspects were arrested in Moscow for attempting to sell 6 grams of osmium-187 to a Moscow banker for $800,000.[31] On February 28, 2003, Russia's Federal Security Service announced that it had thwarted a criminal gang's attempts to sell osmium-187 when security officers detained one person with an unspecified amount of osmium-187 in the Siberian city of Omsk.[32]
- http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/nuclear-trafficking-hoaxes/
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Trump tariffs ( how this 145% @ChinaEmbPt answer back 2 @realDonaldTrump will hike the americans householders tax payments, in more than 1010%)
https://www.realtor.com/news/trends/trump-tariffs-china-mortgage-rate-housing/
